что значит gasoline and diesel engines
Чем отличается моторное масло для бензинового и дизельного двигателя
В чем сходство и в чем различия между моторными маслами для бензиновых и дизельных моторов?
Моторные масла для бензиновых или дизельных двигателей имеют одинаковую «анатомию». Они изготовлены смешиванием базовых масел и присадок для достижения набора желаемых свойств. Рассмотрим требуемые характеристики смазочного материала для каждого типа двигателя.
Выбросы и каталитический нейтрализатор
Каталитический нейтрализатор представляет собой корпус, который содержит пористый металлический наполнитель, расположенный между двигателем и глушителем в системе выпуска отработавших газов. Его роль заключается в преобразовании токсичных выбросов двигателя в нетоксичные вещества, прежде чем они попадут в атмосферу. Некоторые из продуктов сгорания (свинец, цинк и фосфор) негативно влияют на катализатор.
Первое существенное различие между маслами. Дизельное моторное масло имеет более высокое содержание противоизносных присадок в виде диалкилдитиофосфата цинка (ZDDP). Катализаторы в дизельных автомобилях в состоянии справиться с этой проблемой, в то время как катализаторы в бензиновых авто нет. Это одна из причин, почему не рекомендуется использовать дизельное моторное масло в бензиновом двигателе.
Вязкость
Вязкость является наиболее важным свойством смазки. Выбранная вязкость моторного масла должна позволить быть ему перекачиваемым маслонасосом при низкой температуре пуска (погодных условий в которых автомобиль эксплуатируется).
Как правило, дизельное моторное масло имеет более высокую кинематическую вязкость. Слишком высокая вязкость в бензиновом двигателе может доставить некоторые проблемы:
Пакет присадок
Дизельное моторное масло имеет большее количество присадок на единицу объема.
Больше моющих присадок. Эти добавки имеют несколько задач, но основная это нейтрализации кислот и мойка двигателя. Дизельные двигатели создают гораздо больше сажи и других побочных продуктов сгорания. Газы в дизельном двигателе попадают в картер, контактируя с маслом.
Иногда дизельное моторное масло в бензиновом двигателе может слишком много смыть нагара со стенок цилиндров (особенно если раньше не заливали никогда масло с мощным моющим эффектом). В этом случае может пострадать уплотнение между кольцами и вкладышем.
Как понять для бензинового или дизельного двигателей предназначено масло?
При чтении этикетки, обратите внимание на значек API. В верхней части этого кружочка будет написано например «API service SN» или «API service СN». Аббревиатура будет либо начинаться с «S» для бензиновых двигателей или «C» для дизельных двигателей.
gasoline or diesel engines
1 opposed-piston diesel engines
Тематики
2 opposed-piston diesel engines
3 Diesel Engines and Users Association
4 Diesel engines
5 diesel engines module
6 diesel engines service manual
7 factory for diesel engines
8 low-speed marine diesel engines
9 study of using oxygen-enriched combustion air for locomotive diesel engines
10 diesel engines and users association
11 diesel engines servicing facilities
12 compression tester for Diesel engines with integrated starter-motor control
13 glowplug tester of diesel engines
14 glowplug wrench with jointed socket for diesel engines
15 universal pulley block for petrol and diesel engines
16 DEUA
17 all-new
In addition to upgraded versions of Ford’s highly acclaimed Duratorq TDCi diesel engines, the new C-MAX line-up will also feature a choice of petrol engines, including the first application of the all-new 1.6-litre four-cylinder Ford EcoBoost engine, to be built at the company’s Bridgend plant in Wales. — В дополнение к модернизированным версиям чрезвычайно популярных дизельных двигателей Ford Duratorq TDCi, новая линейка C-MAX будет также включать на выбор бензиновые двигатели, включая впервые применяемый 1,6-литровый 4-цилиндровый двигатель целиком новой конструкции Ford EcoBoost, который будет производиться на заводе компании Bridgend в Уэльсе.
18 jake brake
19 low-CO2
Fuel-efficient, low-CO2 powertrains for the C-MAX range include the new 1.6-litre Ford EcoBoost petrol engine and updated 1.6- and 2.0-litre Duratorq TDCi diesel engines. — Топливосберегающие трансмиссии с низким уровнем выделения CO2 для ряда C-MAX включают в себя новый 1,6-литровый бензиновый двигатель Ford EcoBoost и обновленные 1,6- и 2,0-литровые дизельные двигатели Duratorq TDCi.
20 particulate matter
Both Eaton’s aftertreatment and fuel dosing systems have worldwide application for reducing NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines.
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fully synthetic gasoline or diesel engines
1 fully synthetic
2 opposed-piston diesel engines
Тематики
3 synthetic gasoline
4 synthetic gasoline
5 opposed-piston diesel engines
6 Diesel Engines and Users Association
7 Diesel engines
8 diesel engines module
9 diesel engines service manual
10 factory for diesel engines
11 low-speed marine diesel engines
12 study of using oxygen-enriched combustion air for locomotive diesel engines
13 synthetic gasoline
14 diesel engines and users association
15 diesel engines servicing facilities
16 compression tester for Diesel engines with integrated starter-motor control
17 glowplug tester of diesel engines
18 glowplug wrench with jointed socket for diesel engines
19 universal pulley block for petrol and diesel engines
20 fully synthetic
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Engineering Explained: Gasoline Vs Diesel Engines
What are the differences between gasoline and diesel engines? Here’s everything you need to know
Gasoline and diesel engines operate on essentially the same four stroke cycle: intake, compression, power, exhaust. Where they differ, however, is how this cycle is executed, and how they increase power output. Let’s look at four major differences between gasoline and diesel engines:
1. Spark vs Compression
Perhaps the biggest difference between gasoline and diesel engines is how they ignite the air and fuel during the power stroke. To understand the difference, we need to understand the self-ignition temperature (SIT), which is the temperature at which an air-fuel mixture will ignite without the use of a spark plug (purely due to heat).
Compressing air raises its pressure and thus raises its temperature. Diesel engines have high compression ratios, thus heating the air significantly, so that when fuel is injected the air is above the SIT, and thus the fuel combusts when it is injected into the cylinder.
Everything You Need To Know About Engine Knock In 3 MinutesGasoline engines, on the other hand, must keep the temperature in the combustion chamber below SIT, as the spark plug (rather than the fuel injectors) dictates ignition timing. This means gasoline engines will have lower compression ratios than diesel engines. As an example, a 2015 VW Golf TSI (turbo gasoline) has a compression ratio of 9.6:1, while a 2015 VW Golf TDI (turbo diesel) has a compression ratio of 16.2:1.
Managing a gasoline engine for knock can be a bit tricky, because even if at the start of ignition the temperature of the mixture is below SIT, the area furthest from the spark will begin to rise in pressure and heat up (as the flame front moves closer). The spark must ignite all of the fuel mixture before any pockets self-ignite, in order for smooth combustion.
2. Throttle vs No Throttle
Though no longer true for all modern diesels, typically a big differentiator between gasoline and diesel engines is that diesel engines lack a throttle body. When you press on the accelerator pedal in a diesel, you’re simply telling the fuel injectors to inject more diesel. With more fuel injected, more power is created, and this means more exhaust, more air from the turbo, and the power output continues to rise.
Some diesel engines have implemented throttle controls allowing for a greater level of regulation of the intake manifold pressure, which helps to increase the amount of exhaust gas recirculation. Adding a throttle valve also helps with shutting the engine off, as you can taper the amount of air allowed in for a smoother drop in engine RPM.
Gasoline engines, on the other hand, require a throttle body. As you press on the (inappropriately named) gas pedal, you’re simply opening up the throttle and allowing for more air to flow into the engine. More air means the injectors send in more fuel, and more fuel means more power.
3. Air Fuel Ratios
Understanding that diesels create more power by injecting more fuel might be perplexing without understanding that diesels have a larger range of air-fuel ratios for which combustion can occur. Both gasoline and diesel have very similar stoichiometric air-fuel ratios (the ratio at which all oxygen and fuel is used entirely, about 14.5-15:1), but they have very different ranges at which they can operate.
With the hydrocarbons that make up gasoline, combustion is possible within an air-fuel ratio range of about 6:1 to 25:1. Most gasoline engines will keep this ratio within 12:1 to 18:1 (turbos will sometimes dip a bit lower) as this is the range where the most power as well as the most efficient burn can be found.
Diesel engines, on the contrary, operate at much higher ratios, typically operating with air-fuel ratios around 18:1 to 70:1. It sounds strange, but it has to do with how the air and fuel mixes. With a gasoline engine, the air and fuel is generally well mixed before the spark ignites. With (direct injection) diesels, there are pockets of combustible mixtures, and then areas which are too rich or too lean. Combustion occurs wherever pockets exist with acceptable air-fuel ratios.
4. Engine Braking
In a diesel engine, however, since there is no throttle body, engine braking cannot be done by creating a vacuum in the intake. It’s important to realise that nearly all of the energy used to compress air during the compression stroke goes right back into the drivetrain during the power stroke (the air compresses, then decompresses, with little energy lost).
If you can’t brake using the throttle body, and the compression stroke doesn’t slow the vehicle down, how does engine braking in a diesel work? The solution is actually very simple, and very clever. When the cylinder is around top dead centre during the compression stroke, the exhaust valve is opened to allow that pressurised air to escape. Now that energy is not returning to the crank, and thus the force of compression can be used to slow the vehicle down. The reason engine braking with diesel engines is so audible is because you’re hearing that compressed air leaving the exhaust.
What Is the Difference Between a Diesel and a Gasoline Engine?
Although new power sources like natural gas, hybrid-electric vehicles, and E-85 are increasing in popularity, most combustion engines sold in the United States are still powered by unleaded gasoline or diesel fuel. Although the chemical differences between these two fuels is significant, how engines use these fuels to create power is quite similar. Let’s break down the differences and similarities in the fuels and engines so you can make an informed decision on which to choose.
What’s the difference between gasoline and diesel fuel?
Essentially, gasoline and diesel fuel both come from petroleum, but have different methods of refinement for use. Unleaded gasoline is more refined in general than diesel. It is comprised of multiple carbon molecules that range in size from C-1 to C-13. During combustion, gasoline is combined with air to create a vapor, then ignited to produce power. During this process, larger carbon molecules (C-11 through C-13) are much harder to burn, which is why it’s estimated that only 80% of fuel burns in the combustion chamber during the first attempt.
Diesel fuel is less refined and ranges from C-1 carbon molecules to C-25 in size. Due to the chemical complexity of diesel fuel, the engines require more compression, spark and heat to burn the larger molecules in the combustion chamber. The unburned diesel fuel eventually is pushed out of cylinder as вЂblack smoke’. You may have seen big trucks and other diesel vehicles spewing black smoke out of the exhaust, but diesel technology has improved to the point of being an eco-friendly option with very little emissions.
Gasoline and Diesel Engines are More Alike Than Different
In truth, a gasoline and diesel engine are more alike than different. Both are internal combustion engines, which convert fuel into energy through controlled combustion. Fuel and air are mixed and compressed in both types of engines. The fuel must ignite to provide the power needed for the engine. They both utilize emission control systems, including an EGR recirculation system to attempt to re-burn particulate matter in the combustion chamber. They also both use fuel injection as their primary sources of induction. Many diesels utilize turbochargers to force more fuel volume into the combustion chamber to expedite the burning of fuel.
How They are Different
The difference between diesel and gas engines is how they ignite the fuel. In a gasoline engine, the fuel and air are compressed together in a specific point in the cycle just before the piston is pushed up to reach the spark plug. The spark plug ignites the mixture, driving the piston down and sending power through the drivetrain to the wheels.
In a diesel engine, the fuel and air mixture is compressed early in the combustion process, which produces enough heat to generate to combust and ignite the fuel. No spark plugs are necessary for this process. The term used for this is compression ignition. When a similar effect happens in a gas engine, you hear a knocking sound, which indicates possible damage to the engine. Diesel engines are built to perform this way in normal operation.
Horsepower and torque is another area where these two engines differ, and it may be the most important for your purposes. Diesel engines produce a higher level of torque, which is what gets the vehicle moving, especially with heavy loads, so they’re ideal for towing and hauling heavy loads. Gasoline engines generate more horsepower, which spins the engine faster, allowing for better acceleration and top speed.
Usually, a manufacturer will offer the same vehicle with either a gasoline and diesel engine. The different engines will drive very differently and vary in performance based on exact specifications, so it’s best to compare the details and go for a test drive when you’re deciding which vehicle to buy.